Position Paper

Security Council Child Soldiers United States King High School Background Thousands of youngsters are filling in as fighters in outfitted clashes the world over. Young men and young ladies serve in government powers and equipped restriction gatherings. They may battle as forefront soldiers, self destruction aircraft, mine sweepers, sex slaves, and spies. Many are stole or selected forcibly, while others join intentionally, accepting that furnished gatherings offer their most obvious opportunity for survival.We are attempting to forestall the utilization of kid warriors and to consider responsible the individuals who send youngsters to battle. It undermines the center of the United Nations, and the core of our reality's future: Children. The US Child Soldiers Prevention Act restricts the US government from giving US outside military financing, military preparing, and a few different classifications of US military help to governments utilizing kid warriors. Activities National Actions Child fighters are not an issue in the United States. The U. S. overnment as of now gives military help to five of the six governments embroiled in kid fighter use. From 2001 the USA contributed $34 million to help projects to forestall the enlistment and utilization of youngster fighters and to deactivate and reintegrate kid warriors, including $10 million through the US Agency for International Development and $24 million through the US Department of Labor. In 2008, Senators Richard Durbin and Sam Brownback presented the Child Soldier Prevention Act, which is a bill to reduce U. S. ilitary help to governments that neglect to find a way to retire and quit selecting youngsters into the military or government-bolstered civilian armies. Under this bill, nations that find a way to deactivate kid troopers are qualified for specific types of help to help professionalize their powers and guarantee that U. S. citizen dollars are not used to back the misuse of youngsters in equipped clash. Universal Actions The United States has done numerous worldwide activities to forestall empowering the utilization of kids being utilized as soldiers.In April 2007 the Child Soldier Prevention Act of 2007 was brought into Congress. It would limit US military help to governments associated with the enlistment or utilization of youngster fighters. In April 2007 the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on Human Rights and the Law held a meeting to consider the Child Soldier Prevention Act, obstructions confronting previous kid troopers looking for refuge in the USA, and ways for the USA to address youngster selection representatives from different nations who went to the USA. In October 2007 the Child Soldier Accountability Act was brought into Congress.It would correct the US criminal code to permit the arraignment of people who have enlisted or utilized youngster troopers, regardless of whether in the United States or somewhere else. â€Å"The Child Soldiers Prevention Act can squeeze gove rnments to quit utilizing youngster soldiers,† Joe Becker said. â€Å"Obama needs to give less waivers to nations manhandling their kids thusly. † On October 4, 2011, the Obama organization reported waivers to the Child Soldiers Prevention Act, permitting military help to Chad, the Democratic Republic of Congo, and Yemen in spite of the proceeded with utilization of kids in their outfitted forces.The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child is a human rights settlement that sets up the common, political, monetary, social, and social privileges of youngsters. It additionally characterizes kids as being younger than 18. The United States is the main nation on the planet, except for Somalia, that has not sanctioned it. In 2002, in any case, the U. S. endorsed the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the inclusion of kids in furnished clash, which forestalls the enlistment of military staff under the time of 18.Much work stays to be finished by the U. S. government on the privileges of the youngster, especially on the security of kids in equipped clashes. There was a goals embraced by the General Assembly in 1999 on November 11 named â€Å"Resolution on the Use of Children as Soldiers. † Recommendation for Action Citizens for Global Solutions are focused on accomplishing more noteworthy commitment by the U. S. government to start to lead the pack of universal undertakings to secure future generations.Also, Child Soldiers International‘s site has a spot for gift to end the enrollment of youngsters as kid troopers. There is foundation data and everything about the issue to teach the donators and watchers seeing the site. The Obama organization chose to absolve Yemen and three different nations that utilization kid officers from U. S. punishments under the 2008 Child Soldiers Prevention Act. The Invisible Children was established to stop Joseph Kony called Kony 2012 and the United States was engaged with it as we ll. President Obama gave a bill to help stop Joseph Kony for equity. Position paper The legislature of Nigeria has faith in the security of the enthusiasm of the kids. Shockingly, one can see the utilization of kid officers in Nigeria. Why there is the issue of kid troopers in Nigeria? During the nineteenth century and twentieth century there have been interstate clashes in the African mainland. This prompted the utilization of youngsters as the troopers in the fighting. There are numerous purposes behind the wars battled between various conditions of Africa. Two significant reasons for the wars are neediness and vagrant rates. (Reich and Acharina, 2005) actually, the investigation of UNICEF information uncovers that in Africa there is the most extreme utilization of kid fighters in the wars.It is realized that 40 percent of the world kid warriors are found in the African landmass. All the nations of the African landmass especially the underdeveloped nations are seriously influenced by the kid officer issue which is found in a poor nation like Nigeria. As of late, g lobal network has reacted to this rising issue. Extraordinary powers, for example, USA and UK have restricted the utilization of youngster officers in wars. Indeed, worldwide network has been stunned by the degree of the utilization of youngsters as fighters which has influenced the eventual fate of the offspring of Nigeria.UNO has paid attention to this difficult which is demonstrated by the way that UNO has comprised boards of trustees to screen the degree of the utilization of the kid warriors in the wars especially in the African mainland. The utilization of youngster fighters can be found in the African nations, for example, Nigeria, Algeria, Angola, Burundi, Liberia, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Sudan, and Uganda.  The Nigerian government is additionally mindful of the way that there is have to ensure the privileges of the youngsters. Anyway because of financial backwardness, there has been development in the utilization of the kids as fighters. Clearly, this prompted death toll of numerous youngsters. In any case, it is discovered that because of food deficiency and absence of beneficial assets, the guardians are compelled to send their kids to help the military of their country. Subsequently, neediness of the underdeveloped countries is the fundamental driver of the interest of youngsters in wars.(Reich and Acharina, 2005)UNO and the different offices of UNO, for example, UNICEF have paid attention to this issue of kid warriors. UNO was at first engaged with this issue trying to determine the interstate clashes in Africa. Notwithstanding, later it was known to the UNO individuals with respect to the effect of the utilization of kids on the offspring of Africa and the global network. So as to counter this issue, UNO has communicated its disappointment through the different meetings and by distributing reports concerning the endeavors of the individual countries to check the main driver of the children’s support in the wars.In 1999, the alliance powers chose to distribute an overall report with respect to the predicament of the kids as troopers.  In reality, UNO has asked all the part countries to ensure the privileges of the kids. As of late, Kofi Annan, the UN Secretary-General has encouraged the Security Council to force authorizes on the countries enjoying the utilization of youngster fighters in the wars prompting the infringement of the universal law. The alliance powers have chosen to deny the utilization of youngsters as troopers. The UNO noticed that in excess of 250000 kids are utilized as warriors. The proposed sanctions remember boycott for the offer of weapons, authorizes on monetary help, thus on.The UNO has likewise encouraged the NGOs partaking in this enemy of kid fighter strategy to actualize the approach choices on the UNO which has been talked about in the different gatherings and UNO distributions. The UNO councils on the kids issues have presented their reports in regards to the situation of the youngsters in the immature nations. The burden of assents is relied upon to control the quantity of the youngster warriors in the nations, for example, Nigeria. In any case, the UN report noticed that there has been decrease in the quantity of kid troopers around the world. The UNO additionally chose to give money related and different sorts of help to the poor nations to help control destitution so that there would be decline in the quantity of youngsters utilized in the fighting. The UN Under-Secretary Olara Otunnu likewise accepted that youngsters ought to be shielded from military induction. (Africa Renewal, 2005) truth be told, the UNO individuals have encouraged the various countries to build the base enrollment age to 18 years. (Maslen, 2002)The UNO recommendations in regards to the insurance of the children’s rights have been executed by the vast majority of the African nations including Nigeria. Truth be told, enactments have been passed by Nigeria to control the frequency of the utilization of the kid troopers in the wars. In spite of the fact that, till 2002 Nigeria didn't sign ‘the African sanction on the rights and government assistance of child’, the legislature has upheld the willful enrollment of the fighters as there is no induction in Nigeria. Least age for the enlistment of the deliberate warriors is 18 years. The Nigerian youth have taken an interest in the

Birmingham International Airport Essay

In the space of only 30 minutes each weekday, around 5.00 at night, around 20 flights show up and leave from the Eurohub Terminal. Simultaneously, airplane are showing up and leaving from the Main Terminal close to the Eurohub. Over the runway and sections of land of landing area, at the site of the first air terminal, the overnight cargo activity is simply starting to wake up with the appearance of staff and the arrangements for the main airplane from Europe or the United States. A portion of the 7,000 staff from the 150 associations based at Birmingham International Airport (BIA) see to the necessities of their clients. The things taking care of activity is arranging, handling and dispatching packs to the many leaving airplane. The ground teams are stacking and emptying airplane, putting suppers ready, filling the fuel tanks and cleaning airplane during their concise spell at the airbridge. The airlines’ tagging sets up are managing lines of travelers, every one of whom may have an alternate last goal. The data work area is completely staffed, managing the numerous questions, for example, individuals needing to know whether their plane is on schedule, the area of a bank or lodging, or attempting to turn out to be the way to get by street or rail to their last goal. Travelers move through the parlors, identification control and security checks, and use toilets, obligation free shops and cafés, all of which must be saved spotless and loaded for their benefit. These exercises, and then some, are facilitated by BIA’s Operations Director, Richard Heard. Richard clarifies his job: ‘Out of the considerable number of individuals that work at the air terminal, BIA utilizes around 700 and I supervise around 600 of them. These tasks individuals are fundamentally worried about the everyday running of the air terminal and the short and medium-term operational arranging. This remembers an entire pontoon of things for the landing strip and in and around the terminals. The landing strip side of things basically includes keeping up the runways, concurring opening distributions with the carriers, creating and actualizing the wellbeing the executives frameworks andâ keeping the fire teams completely prepared. For instance, this is a vigorously directed zone so we work intimately with the Civil Aviation Authority. The opposite side of the activity is tied in with dealing with the terminal structures and different offices. This is practically similar to running a strip mall with its emphasis on client care however with exceptional security courses of action. Air termi nal security is a key errand which we run in-house, utilizing around 300 individuals. I likewise have an offices supervisory crew and a designing administrations group that take care of the upkeep of the entire site. ‘In terms of long haul structure and advancement, we set up groups to supervise the arranging of new structure ventures, for example, new providing food outlets, vehicle stops and individuals mover frameworks. This arrangement utilizes the conjectures of traveler numbers and aides our choices about what to assemble and when, and how to pay for it. We have been developing at a pace of around 10 percent a year in the course of the most recent 10 years. In 2000 the air terminal took care of 7.6 million travelers and our development is set to proceed, with a foreseen 10 million travelers expected to go through Birmingham by 2005. This arrangement includes genuine cash; we are discussing a capital arrangement of about  £50 million every year throughout the following 15 years. This is all especially determined by operational necessities. Overseeing and building up the airport’s tasks are colossal difficulties. ‘One of the significant assignments for activities isn't simply to give the framework to the various associations on location â€, for example, carriers, taking care of specialists, retailers, load handlers †yet additionally to give the administration and coordination to them. There are additionally bunches off site, for example, local gatherings, which we liaise with as we work to screen and improve the earth. My own activity is about coordination and setting the wellbeing and client support measures for everybody to cling to. ‘All of us from the various associations attempt to cooperate as a group and there is an incredible network soul here that has developed throughout the years. Everybody needs their own piece to function admirably and the entire thing to function admirably together. We as a whole have an incredible comprehension of everyone’s issues and there is a phenomenal soul of collaboration. ‘The genuine mystery of overseeing tasks, on the off chance that you are ever resting around evening time, is to ensure you have great procedures and strategies set up. We can’t have individuals causing it to up on the spot. Everything must be thoroughly considered and attempted and tried. We invest a lot of energy looking into and creating forms. We must have strategies for flames, departures, bomb dangers, sick travelers and even passings in the terminal. Shockingly, we do have health related crises, to be expected since we have around 30,000 individuals going through the air terminal consistently in the late spring. ‘Another key assignment is operational arranging. We do this on a yearly premise. Operational arranging is tied in with causing the activity as productive as conceivable by turning out to be the way we to can best distribute our foundation to the aircrafts. For instance, we have to conclude who will get the airbridges, who will get certain stands, who will have their travelers transported to the terminal at top occasions, etc. Notwithstanding, you need to recollect that the operational plans are only that and as could be, things turn out badly †plans self-destruct due to plane postponements or mechanical issues, for instance. So we additionally have terminal obligation chiefs whose activity it is to sift through the everyday operational issues. Our group of terminal administrators covers the air terminal 24 hours per day, each day of the week, with one ranking director supervising each move. ‘Many of the things that happen are repeating issues, for example, deferrals or preoccupations and you realize you will wind up with a great deal of travelers sticking around significantly longer than they need to. The activity of the obligation administrator is to organize every one of our endeavors, guaranteeing that the cooking individuals know what’s occurring and ensuring our data administrations individuals know so they can tell the travelers, for instance. The terminal administrators need to keep their own ears and eyes open. Travelers may report that they have seen somebody acting dubiously and the administrators need to comprehend what to do. At the point when travelers get off the plane and their packs are not there, in spite of the fact that it’s the obligation of the aircrafts or their taking care of specialists, our kin may need to get the pieces. At the point when individuals take a stab at taking disallowed things through security, for example, a family treasure with a huge bended sharp edge, we need to disclose calmly to them that they need to leave it with us. ‘ The terminal administrators additionally need to manage significant episodes †things like bomb dangers or, similar to a year ago, when Spanish mentor drivers protested leaving numerous travelers abandoned at the air terminal. The activity of the terminal administrator is to sift through everything and ensure everybody realizes what's going on. It includes a lot of good judgment however it is difficult. In the event that you do a departure, for instance, everybody will be at various stages in the traveler preparing and exceptional status strategies, so when the occurrence is finished, we need to attempt to return them all where they originated from without blending them up or making them start the procedure once more! ‘We have what could be compared to the terminal obligation chiefs caring for the landing strip side: tasks obligation directors. Their activity is tied in with managing the everyday issues, for example, changing stand allotments when deferrals happen or organizing snow freedom on the off chance that we have an abrupt fall. Again designs are set up and everything must be thoroughly considered. We additionally have week by week correspondence gatherings when we get the tasks and obligation supervisors to work with the operational arranging office. ‘Our mission is to be the best territorial air terminal in Europe. To do this we need ceaselessly to attempt to improve all that we do. It sounds straightforward, however it is difficult. For instance, we have practically no limit at top occasions, that is between 7.00 a.m. what's more, 8.00 a.m. what's more, between 5.00 p.m. also, 6.00 p.m. at the point when we are occupied with short-pull European traffic, so we are attempting to urge different carriers to fill in the off-top occasions. This is perfect for long stretch administrators and we currently have trips to South East Asia and America, and simply a year ago we added an Emirates trip to Dubai. This permits us to utilize the center of the day when we have runway and terminal limit and it suits everyone as we would all be able to utilize our offices. ‘Running an air terminal is a captivating and energizing test. No two days are the equivalent. We realize that we can have a genuine effect to our clients, the two travelers and aircrafts, by what we do. We likewise make a significant commitment to the effect on the neighborhood economy by empowering internal venture and fares. As an activities administrator, my responsibility is to cause everything to occur. It’s aâ fantastic opportunity and it truly makes a distinction †its great!’ Long haul issues are for the most part gotten from everyday assignments which are not tended to appropriately and get amassed into a more serious issue. For instance, the repetitive postponements and masterminding snow freedom are basic issues, tasks obligation directors must have a decent arrangement set up so everything is thoroughly considered and secured †maintaining a strategic distance from any unforeseen occasions. Richard can deal with this through week after week correspondence gatherings where the tasks and obligation supervisors work with the operational arranging office. It is through cooperation and correspondence that permits Richard to have a superior diagram of what is as of now happening so long haul plan can be thought off. Another model, the air terminal is attempting to urge different carriers to fill in their off-top occasions to completely use their assets. This is additionally a day

One Of The Biggest Problems Which The United States Is Faced Essays

Perhaps the most concerning issue which the United States is confronted with is adolescent wrongdoing. The explanation specialists feel adolescents submit violations is a result of hazard factors when they were more youthful yet specialists still have not discovered the fundamental motivation behind why adolescents carry out wrongdoings. Some hazard factors related with adolescent wrongdoing are neediness, rehashed presentation to brutality, drugs, simple access to guns, flimsy family life and family brutality, reprobate friend gatherings, and media savagery. Particularly the downfall of family life, the impact of the media on the adolescents today, and the expansion of guns accessible today have assumed a major job in the expansion of adolescents violations. The most well-known hazard factor is the death of the family life furthermore, the expansion in family viciousness. Somewhere in the range of 1976 and 1992 the number of adolescents living in neediness became 42% and this caused an expansion in violations by adolescents. Huge numbers of these adolescent lawbreakers have been mishandled or then again dismissed and they likewise experienced childhood in a solitary parent family unit. Research has discovered that 53% of these kids are bound to be captured, and 38% bound to carry out a vicious wrongdoing as a grown-up, at that point their partners who didn't endure such maltreatment. The side effects of kid misuse are elevated levels of animosity and standoffish conduct also, these youngsters are twice as liable to become adolescent wrongdoers. Additionally inappropriate parental consideration has been connected to misconduct, for example, moms who drink liquor or ingest medications during pregnancy cause their infants to grow up with learning issue, a difficult which drives them to be adolescent lawbreakers. Another hazard factor is the impact of the media on the adolescents of today. Before the time a youngster has arrived at seventh grade, the normal youngster has seen 8,000 killings and 100,000 demonstrations of viciousness on the TV. There is no uncertainty that substantial introduction to broadcast viciousness is one of the reasons for forceful conduct, wrongdoing what's more, viciousness in the public eye. TV brutality influences adolescents of all ages, of the two sexual orientations, at all monetary levels, and all degrees of knowledge. Long haul youth introduction to TV is an easygoing factor behind one portion of the crimes perpetrated by adolescents in the United States. The expanded accessibility of weapons has had a major influence in raising the quantity of violations submitted by adolescents. In Los Angeles adolescent misconduct cases including weapon infringement developed by 86% from 1988 to 1992, which was all the more then some other sort of adolescent offense. As per a University of Michigan study found that 270,000 weapons go with auxiliary school understudies to class day by day. This is frightening since it shows what number of more adolescents are conveying weapons and the adolescent utilization of firearms in crimes has expanded from 65 to 80 percent from 1987 to 1991. The ownership of guns plays a major reason in the misconduct of kids and is assuming a greater job in the wrongdoings which adolescents submit. Another reason for the expansion of adolescent wrongdoings has been the impact of youngsters seeing different killings and different demonstrations of savagery on the TV. At long last the death of the family life and the expansion in family savagery has been the greatest factor in the expansion of adolescent wrongdoing.

How to Make Silver Polishing Dip

The most effective method to Make Silver Polishing Dip As silver oxidizes, it will discolor. This layer of oxidation can be expelled without cleaning and scouring by basically dunking your silver in this non-poisonous electrochemical plunge. Another enormous favorable position to utilizing a plunge is that the fluid can arrive at places a cleaning fabric can't. This is a simple investigation and takes negligible minutes! Silver Polish Ingredients Sink or glass panHot waterBaking sodaSaltAluminum foilTarnished silver Step by step instructions to Remove Silver Tarnish Line the base of the sink or a glass heating dish with a sheet of aluminum foil.Fill the foil-fixed holder with steaming hot water.Add salt (sodium chloride) and preparing pop (sodium bicarbonate) to the water. A few plans call for 2 teaspoons of heating pop and 1 teaspoon of salt, while others call for 2 tablespoons every one of preparing pop and salt. No compelling reason to quantify the sums - simply include a touch of each substance.Drop the silver things into the compartment so they are contacting one another and laying on the foil. You will have the option to watch the stain disappear.Leave intensely discolored things in the answer for up to 5 minutes. Something else, expel the silver when it shows up clean.Rinse the silver with water and delicately buff it dry with a delicate towel.Ideally, you should store your silver in a low-dampness condition. You can put a compartment of enacted charcoal or a bit of chalk in the capacity zone to limit future stain. Tips for Success Use care when cleaning or plunging silver plated things. It is anything but difficult to erode the slim layer of silver and cause more mischief than anything through over-cleaning.Minimize presenting your silver to substances that contain sulfur (e.g., mayonnaise, eggs, mustard, onions, latex, fleece) in light of the fact that the sulfur will cause corrosion.Using your silver flatware/holloware or wearing silver gems assists with keeping it liberated from discolor.

Counselors vs. Counseling Psychologists

Counselors vs. Counseling Psychologists Student Resources Careers Print Counselor and a Counseling Psychologist Differences By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 10, 2020 Tetra Images/Getty Images More in Student Resources Careers APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips While counselors and counseling psychologists perform a lot of similar duties, there are actually a number of important differences between the two professions. Both professions are focused on helping people live better lives, but counselors and counseling psychologists have different educational backgrounds and often work in different settings. Key Similarities There are a number of important similarities between counselors and counseling psychologists: Both are mental health practitionersBoth can provide psychotherapyBoth may specialize in a particular area, such as working with children, adults, or couplesBoth help clients improve well-beingBoth work in diverse areas including hospitals, government offices, mental health clinics, academic settings, and private practice Differences So how exactly do counselors and counseling psychologists differ? Some of the major differences are in educational levels, the scope of practice, and work settings. Counselors Usually have a masters degreeOften address emotional and relationship issuesOften work in school or career settingsAre not trained to provide psychological testingTreat clients by providing talk therapy Counseling Psychologists Have a doctorate degreeTend to treat more serious forms of mental illnessOften found in medical and mental health clinicsTrained to provide diagnosis and psychological testing Education and Training Differences One of the major differences can be seen in the educational and training requirements for each profession. Counselor Educational Requirements Counselors generally have at minimum a masters degree in either counseling or psychology. Most masters programs require 60 credit hours of study. Those who become licensed professional counselors are required to pass a national professional exam and complete a specified number of supervised hours in the field. One of the attractions of counseling programs is that they require less time to complete than a doctorate, allowing students to enter the workforce faster. Another reason why such programs appeal to students is that some allow for part-time study, making it possible for students to remain employed in their current jobs while they earn a masters degree. Counseling Psychologist Educational Requirements Counseling psychologists, on the other hand, hold a Ph.D., Psy.D., or Ed.D. degree in counseling psychology. Such programs tend to include a greater focus on research than is typically seen in masters level counseling programs. Such programs usually take five years to complete. The first four years are complete required courses, research, clinical experiences, and a dissertation. The fifth-year is usually spent doing a supervised internship in the field. Accreditation and Licensing In many cases, both counseling psychology and counseling programs are housed within a universitys College of Education (although not always). Counseling programs and counseling psychology programs also receive accreditation from different accrediting bodies. In the United States, counseling programs are accredited through the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) and counseling psychology programs are accredited through the American Psychological Association (APA). It is important to note that both counselors and psychologists must be licensed to practice within the state where they work. In order to become licensed, counselors and psychologists must meet specific education, training, and testing criteria established by the state. This includes meeting a minimum education level, completing required supervised experience hours, and passing state certification exams. Scope of Practice Another key difference between counselors and counseling psychologists can be seen in the type of duties they usually perform. While counseling psychologists often conduct psychological assessments and administer diagnostic tests to clients, counselors are sometimes limited in terms of the tests they are able to administer. State laws may dictate which type of assessments a counselor can offer and may require that the administration of such tests be supervised by a psychologist. Counseling psychologists may also work with individuals suffering from more serious forms of mental illness than counselors. More general emotional, relationship, social, and academic problems are often referred to counselors because they are sometimes able to offer more cost-effective treatments. However, both types of professionals offer important mental health services designed to help people overcome problems and optimize their well-being. Counselors often choose to focus on a specialty area such as school counseling, career counseling, marriage and family counseling, mental health counseling, and addictions counseling. Similarly, counseling psychologists often elect to specialize in a particular area such as substance abuse, child development, health psychology, community psychology, crisis intervention, or developmental disabilities. A Word From Verywell While counselors and counseling psychologists perform many similar job duties in the field of mental health, it is important to be aware of the differences between the two professions. If you are thinking about entering one of these fields, you will need to determine which one is right for you and adjust your educational plan to meet those expectations. If you are looking for mental health services, you should talk to your doctor about what type of mental health professional might be right for your needs. Seeing a counselor might be a great choice in some situations, while in other cases, such as if you need treatment for a more serious mental health condition, you might need to see a psychologist or psychiatrist. How to Find the Right Therapist

Renaissance Polyphony - Free Essay Example

Renaissance Polyphony: The Foundation of Modern Western Music Renaissance Polyphony: The Foundation of Modern Western Music The music of the Renaissance was essentially the beginning of all modern musical thought- the first to truly integrate various forms of harmony with definite structure. The music provided rapid and significant advancements in harmony within western music, evolving from the parallel lines of Ars Nova and culminating in the base ingredients for tonality and monodic chord analysis all in a relatively short period of two hundred years. The evolution of Renaissance polyphony expanded tonal harmony through the use of multiple voices and their interval relationships, established aural and music technicality conventions, and provided the groundwork for all tonality based western music. The foundation of Renaissance polyphony can be found in the organum of the eleventh century and more specifically in the ars nova which came to prominence in the fourteenth century. Organum briefly appeared in the tenth century but was dismissed by the Catholic Church and did not become popular until the eleventh century. Organum was the first notable use of harmony in the western world and was the first genre to more than one voice part (in this case, two). Composers took melodies from Gregorian chant and extended them harmonically with parallel fifths and especially parallel fourths. The intervals of the perfect fourth, fifth, and octave were considered the only concords during this period and use of other intervals was considered cacophonous. Later organum used stepwise motion within the mode of the composition to reach the concord interval as well as to move in oblique motion to end in a unison. Organum from the Notre Dame school based out of Paris in the thirteenth century even created the first contrary motion, with one voice moving from unison upward a step and the other downward by a minor third to form a perfect fourth interval (Ferguson, 46-47). From late organum the ideas of Ars Nova were established, becoming standardized and prevalent through the writings of composers and music theorists Marchetto of Padua and Phillip de Vitry. Vitry coined the term Ars Nova, which means â€Å"new art†, in a music theory essay in order to separate the concept from Ars Antiqua, a reference to music before harmony (Pirrotta). Ars Nova was founded upon three new principles, the first two of which are still felt today (in non-serialist music). The first is the concordance of third and sixth intervals, which became the basis for all modern tonal music. It was also during this period, particularly within the writings of Walter Odington, where the harmonious aspects of major and minor thirds were first theorized. The second principle is the minimal use of parallel fifths, fourths, and octaves. This ban on the use of parallel fifths and octaves is still prominent today. Finally, the third principle of Ars Nova is the allowance of small amounts of discord. Discord was used both for the purpose of creating small amounts of tension and release but mostly for passing motion between consonant intervals. Discord was not encouraged, however, and was permitted on the weaker beats of a piece only (Ferguson, 70-72). As Ars Nova moved forward into the early Renaissance it began to expand harmonically to include more oblique and similar motion. This new concept is referred to as polyphony, or two or more voices moving in melodic independence. Though Ars Nova also had independent voice movement, the newer polyphony had differed in style and complexity. The new style of polyphony contained both more voices and more variety in its use of harmony between melody lines (more variety in the intervals between voices). The use of modes in music theory was beginning to shift as well, moving from the 12 modes used by the Greeks and in the Middle Ages to the 8 modes considered in modern tonality (Reese, 185). These were further expanded with the formal introduction of the accidental in the late fourteenth century into the early Renaissance. The accidental had been used sparingly for centuries, either lower the seventh scale degree a half step to avoid the tritone with the fourth degree or to accent the third and sixth scale degrees tendency to resolve to a perfect interval, but found universal use and acceptance only in the (Pirrotta). The early Renaissance polyphonic music was the first true overlap of secular music into uses in sacred music. It became common for composers to use secular tunes as a basis for their melodies, often not even altering them. Composers then layered their compositions with contrapuncture, often with those second melodies chopping and splicing the original melody. Secular tunes even became the basis for many sixteenth century masses.. The practice of using folk melodies continued on after the Renaissance (though theoretically banned with the Council of Trent), especially in nationalist and traditionalist composers in the twentieth century. The undeniable master of involving secular music in sacred polyphony was Josquin des Pres, who based almost all his sacred music compositions on secular tunes. Josquin was born around the year 1450 and was culturally French, though originally of Flemish decent. He was a member of the Papal Choir for 8 years and served as maestro to various cathedrals throughout Milan and Cologne, among others. Notably works included his 16 masses, which were composed in a paraphrase mass style, and his 61 motets. Musically Josquin is inarguably considered the finest composer of the middle Renaissance (Reece, 235). The early Renaissance polyphony was the first to utilize many other concepts of tonal music theory. The music of the early period was the first to place emphasis on the cadence at the end of a composition. This was usually done either with the use of stepwise motion downward in the tenor voice or with the leading tone (raised 7th step) in the highest voice going to tonic, with all voices ending in unison or octaves. Rhythmic innovations included the first use of tuplets, which used abnormal divisions of the beat contrary to the key signature. The most common combination was using triplet rhythms into simple meter, such as three notes divided into two beats. The most significant form of composition for the majority of the Renaissance was the Mass, a sacred choral composition which bases around six main sections as well as smaller vocal bits. Many of the masses of the day were composed around a lead tenor who sung a cantus firmus, the melody and most often a tune taken from Gregorian chant, with polyphonic harmonies independent of the melody provided by the choir. By the middle of the fifteenth century cyclic masses, which had a unified cantus firmus through each of the main six movements, became popular. By the middle of the sixteenth century the mass had been surpassed by the motet, which was a multiple voiced choral composition but with reliance on a central cantus firmus. Moving into the sixteenth century the melodic lines of the counterpoint began to become more isorhythmic and the polyphony more complex. Composers began to experiment with multiple melodies layered isorhythmically and having more independence between the voices. The modal system continued to decline due to the expanded use of accidentals and modulation. The Ionian mode (now considered major) and Aeolian mode (now considered natural minor) took what would become permanent dominance in this period, with the other 6 modes falling into the background. The music of the middle and later Renaissance was greatly impacted by the advancement of new printing technology, which allowed mass produced, accurate copies of music to be sold and distributed throughout civilized Europe (Furgeson, 123). This allowed new musical ideas to be accurately transported and shared throughout the European continent. Additionally the use of printed music led to a standardized music notation technique, such as the introduction of standard oval notes for music as compared to square shaped noteheads and standard clef designs (Reese, 289). Coinciding with the advancement of printing technology came a rise in the prominence of the patronage system in music. This increased the impact of individual composers, giving them more value and power in the music market. This also lead to a slight variance away from the secularly based music of composers like Josquin as composers no longer needed to find approval from the general population but instead from small groups of associates, contemporaries, and patrons (Ferguson, 118). Both the system of patronage and the growing division of secular and sacred music would culminate in the later Renaissance with the Council of Trent and the Catholic Church. The Protestant Reformation and the Council of Trent had tremendous impact on the music of the middle and late Renaissance. The Protestant Reformation divided the realm of sacred music, allowing music in the Protestant north (particularly England) and Catholic south to take separate directions. A meeting of church officials known as the Council of Trent was formed to discuss grievances within the church. The Council of Trent was essentially a Counter-Reformation effort from the Catholic Church to fix problems within the church and hinder the growth of Protestantism. The Council had both positive and negative effects on composers of Catholic sacred music in the era. Artistic integrity was diminished greatly by the Council since the delegation found the new, more complex polyphony being composed was taking away emphasis from the text and banned the practice (Reese, 448-451). However, the Council of Trent also led to an increase in Catholic patronage in music, though composers were slightly censored by the restraints of the new polyphonic laws of the Council of Trent. The Council of Trent unintentionally caused the sacred music of the late Renaissance to have a stronger focus on melody instead of contrapuncture. As composers emphasized less complex rhythm, the music of the late Renaissance became more homophonic, a trend that would continue after the Renaissance with counterpoint. Additionally dissonances were approached more methodically, only allowed in quarter note sequences on off beats. Suspensions and other ornamentations were strictly bound with rules not common in earlier Renaissance music (Reese, 460). This strict use of rules and resolutions of dissonances would later become the foundation to strict counterpoint and the music of the Baroque period. These changes in music impacted mostly Catholic populated areas such as Italy and Spain, but had minor impacts on Protestant Europe. These rules had the largest impact in the Roman school of composition, which was mastered by and molded around the works of Giovanni Palestrina. Giovanni Palestrina was the pinnacle of a Renaissance period composer. He was born just outside of Rome, music capital of the later Renaissance, around the year 1525 and was studying music at the Papal Basilica by the age of 12. At age 26 he was appointed maestro di cappella of the Popes choir t St. Peters Basilica and both led and composed for the choir. His music was the ideal product of the Council of Trent and not only had many pieces commissioned to â€Å"justify† the Councils statements but was given the task of cleansing all of the Churchs music of impurities. Inarguably his greatest works are his 105 masses, which are textbook examples of the aforementioned late Renaissance composition standards (Reese, 469). His death in 1594 seemingly heralded the end of Renaissance music into the beginnings of the Baroque period. From the last music of the Renaissance a compositional revolution took place that shook all know structure in music theory. The monodic revolution, as it is called, recreated the way music was analyzed. Instead of examining music from the contrapunctal multiple melodies of polyphony, monodic music theory analyzed compositions as a series of consecutive chords, or a combination of pitches related harmonically (Fergusun, 154-55). This paradigm shift took many years to full integrate, particularly in areas where polyphony flourished, such as Rome. Other cities which had never had a particularly strong school of polyphonic composition, such as Florence, adapted quickly to the monodic style (Gray, 124-125). The first practical integration of the chord based system came in the emerging new frontier of opera, a genre which would eventually grow to become the largest source of entertainment in Europe. Furthermore the monodic system has made polyphony essentially obsolete, with the exception of a few cases of traditional revivalism. This monodic chord system became the basis for the concept of tonalized music, which became dominant in orchestral music through the middle of the twentieth century and still continues to be dominant today in popular music. Twentieth century modern music and music theory differentiated itself from its predecessors in the dichotomy between the music theory of classical works (or â€Å"modernist†) and that of the emerged mainstream popular music. Even within modern orchestral music a separation occurred between the post-Romantic and neoclassical against a new compositional technique known as serialism. Post-Romantic and neoclassical music, which found its basis in the tonal music of the eighteenth and nineteenth century, maintained strong ties to the intervals of thirds and sixths as well as retaining much of the monodic format from the late Renaissance and early Baroque, though much more experimental. A more experimental compositional technique called serialism came into prominence in the middle 20th century. Serialism emphasized chromaticism by using either all twelve tones or a non-tonal series of notes in a matrix and arranging them almost mathematically in different series. However, since serialist composers had theory training in traditional tonality, often works had traditionalist influences (coming from the late Renaissance) along with their modern serialist and experimental elements (Born 293-295). The impact of late Renaissance music is even more noticeable in modern popularized music. Popular music, also known as commercial music, combines Afro-rhythmic syncopation with the third based tonal or monodic system. The chords used in the popular music genre of jazz are completely based around the interval of the third, specifically compounding multiple thirds to create 7ths, 9ths, 11ths, and 13ths. The eight modes standardized in the Renaissance reemerged in middle to late twentieth century modal jazz, particularly the Dorian mode built on the second scale degree. Popular music, with the exception of more experimental jazz music, almost exclusively follows the series of chord relationships and rules perfected by Palestrina and the late Renaissance composers. The impact of the patronage system which began in the middle and late Renaissance can be seen in the rise of modern popular music. Composers during and after the Renaissance earned a significant amount of their income from private patronage, which held the composers accountable to their financiers more than to the attitude of the general public. This separation from public opinion paved the way for a new commercial and â€Å"popular music† that came into prominence in the twentieth century. Popular music found its base in capitalism rather than patronage and provided a music for the common person disregarded in the patronage system. The music composed during the Renaissance and particularly the late Renaissance laid down the foundation for the development of the vertical, chord based system of music theory and music composition as well as brought tonality to western music which is still at the base for much of modern music. The compositions of the Renaissance not only touched millions of listeners during its popularity but continues to affect millions around the world today with its reach into the modern world. Works Cited Born, Georgina. Modern Music Culture: On Shock, Pop, and Synthesis. Ed. Simon Frith. Popular Music. Critical Concepts in Media and Cultural Studies. London: Routledge, 2004. Google Books. Web. 12 April 2010. Furgeson, Donald N. A Short History of Music. New York: Fs Crofts and, 1943. Print. Gray, Cecil. The History of Music. 7th ed. London: Lund Humphries, 1947. Print. Jeppesen, Knud, Alfred Mann, and Glen Haydon. Counterpoint: The Polyphonic Vocal Style of the Sixteenth Century. New York: Dover Publications, 1992. Google Books. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. Pirrotta, Nino. Musica Disciplina 9 (1955): 57-71. JSTOR. Web. 18 Mar. 2010. Reese, Gustave. Music in the Renaissance. New York: WW Norton and, 1954. Print.

The Role Of Gender And The Ability For One s Mind At...

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What You Dont Know About Samples of Explanation Essay

What You Don't Know About Samples of Explanation Essay A History of Samples of Explanation Essay Refuted A process analysis essay denotes the form of academic writing, which has a thorough description of the specific process in the form of the step-by-step guide. In conclusion, in order to analyze a literary piece, you want the ability to be in a position to read between the lines of the job. There are special words and word combination utilized for analytical purposes which ought to be learned also. When you choose the procedure you wish to concentrate on, you then need to earn a list of steps necessary to attain the aims of the activity. After all essential preparations and revision you might be sure your essay is nicely completed. A concept essay is a kind of a literary essay piece that's utilised to present an idea or a topic with the sole goal of providing a very clear definition and explanation. To begin with, if you're writing definition essay you will need to pick ou t a topic which will be interesting. Although explanatory essays by nature must follow the facts, creativity cannot be underestimated. It is preferable to select the main sources. Among other kinds of essays, it is among the simplest to write. At times it just helps to observe how others have tackled essays previously. `Informative essays are available in many forms,' she explained. The Basic Principles of Samples of Explanation Essay That You Will be Able to Benefit From Starting Immediately Such personal aspect can be an exceptional person, a substantial location, or an important object. Make certain you make a comprehensive interpretation of each process in the most fascinating way so to capture the interest of your reader. The capability to share something from your head is certainly a plausible act. You should bear in mind that most physical object has definitions that are similar for most people, and so you will write about something, that usually don't have another opinion. The Argument About Samples of Explanation Essay If for some reason it's not, the outcome can be acommercialcatastrophe. Any c riteria ought to be based on consensus between the customer and the team. There is, in addition, the simple fact that since it's overseen by the court it's a public procedure. Make sure you at least get a guarantee of plagiarism free work and in the event that you are able to spend some time and make certain that it is possible to confirm the plagiarism state of the paper before using it. The Downside Risk of Samples of Explanation Essay The strategy is identical. There is very little to say regarding the process essay outline because the structure repeats the actions needed to finish a particular procedure. Logically, the body is the major portion of an analysis essay. It is vital that you select a word that will supply you with plenty to write about, and there are some standard tactics you may utilize to elaborate on the term. The length and necessities of your essay are especially vital in understanding how you should structure the job. There are an endless number of words that may be defined in the period of an essay. The outline of the definition essay will be different depending on the intricacy of the topic. It must be thorough and long. You have to pay attention to each detail when you are opting for a topic! The first thing which you've got to do is think of a topic that you wish to right about. As soon as you decided on the subject, it's the right time to sit down and spend a few hours or more based on the assignment's volume on the informative essay outline. At precisely the same time, if you'll decide on some abstract thing for a topic for your essay, you should know this thing has different meaning to different individuals. The word appears interesting enough so as a sensible student you choose to look this up in the dictionary. You develop an answer and explain why you're right. Once you own a topic, you need to make a decision as to what way you need to approach it. Topics can change depending on your majors. People within any culture are predicted to understand the correct action to do. It is not an individual or personal experience, but it is a way of uniting people who share the same learned experiences within a community. Both, though, will agree that culture is the method of humanity. People within a particular culture may convert to another religion, which might not have been there in prior generations. Understanding human culture is essential as it enables people from various societies to understand each other. The accumulation of knowledge continues, clearly, but just in the subjects where it's not possible to avoid, for instance, history and literature, which are being expanded all of the time. All cultures have various types of social organizations. It was simple to recognize the cultural elements of a particular culture, as they were distinct and unique to that culture alone.

Essay about Sukmynuts - 3542 Words

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Morning Fog Free Essays

Jennifer Cudmore Prof. L. Gertsma English Composition 1 6 September, 2012 â€Å"Morning Fog† I often wonder how many opportunities I’ve let slip by throughout my life. We will write a custom essay sample on Morning Fog or any similar topic only for you Order Now Countless colorful sunsets, too many moons rising into the night sky to even count, or even something as simple as a glance in the mirror at my own reflection. Far too many times I have been too busy or too tired to stop and notice what I’m missing. On one particular morning a few days ago, I awoke to the piercing sound of my alarm blaring in my ear. Even though the piece of technology had merely sprouted legs of its own to bury itself under my pillow, I could still hear it as clear as a bull horn through my sleepiness. I managed to groggily press the correct button on the flat piece of glass that was the surface of my cell phone. There’s two buttons to choose from and if I’m not careful, I would find myself pressing the button that would allow me to drift off to the land of odd happenings, to unicorns and fairy dust, and to the place where time seems to stand still. Often times, when this unfortunate mishap has occurred, I would wake in such frenzy that I could feel the labored breaths as they attempted to escape from my lungs. My heart was beating in such a fashion as to erupt straight through my chest. Luckily this was not one of those days and I began to untangle myself from the covers that so gently held me throughout the night. The temperature change was abrupt and waves began to rush over my skin like lake water lapping the rocks of a shoreline. My long, cold fingers reached through the darkness toward the switch on the wall. My eyes quickly clenched shut as if anticipating the searing pain that was about to commence once the switch was turned. With a loud click, electricity rushed the filament of the crystal globe and exceptionally bright light stretched through every corner of my room that was just as dark as dirty oil a moment ago. Making the unbearable attempt to adjust to the sudden change from darkness to light, my eyes began to blink repeatedly and tears formed at the corners of each eye. With each blink, it became apparent very quickly that contacts would not be an option today. I could almost hear the pleading of each eye screaming out to me saying, â€Å"Please go back to bed! We’re not ready yet! † With the moon still hanging high outside my window, I turn to my closet. I remember thinking to myself that the moon looked particularly bright this morning and perhaps that was the first sign that I was looking a little closer at what I was doing than I usually did. I quickly chose my outfit for the day and began down the hallway towards the steps. The potent aroma of coffee hit my senses as my feet landed on the fourth step from the top of the narrow stairwell. My â€Å"lifeline† is what I officially dubbed this miracle liquid for no matter how many hours of sleep I had shorted myself the night before, coffee had always helped me push through. I made my way down the remainder of the steps and into the coffee scented kitchen where I find a mug to place sugar and creamer in. I managed to pour a cupful without spilling even a drop of the precious, blistering hot liquid. Even with the first few sips of the coffee within the cup, I start to feel my body slowly awaken from the sudden surge of caffeine and I push forward. With a quick glance at the clock on the wall, I make the decision that there is no time for a piece of toast or bowl of cereal. Almost as if hearing my thoughts, an animal like growling emanated from my stomach in an attempt to change my mind. The plea was quickly ignored and I walked past the refrigerator door. A mental note formed in my mind of yet another missed opportunity, as I walked past my father who was so intently focused on the plate of breakfast sitting in front of him. With cup in hand I enter the bathroom, where I finish getting ready for the day. With a quick glance around, as if taking a mental inventory of what would be needed, a hairbrush, toothbrush and toothpaste quickly make their way to the countertop, lining up like patrons at a checkout in a supermarket. It wasn’t until my hair was done and teeth were brushed that I made the connection. How many years had I gotten myself up? How many times had I dressed myself and how many cups of coffee had it taken to get me going in the morning? I had come to the shocking realization that in the past 15 minutes of my 32 years I managed to get myself ready in the presence of 3 different mirrors in 3 separate places of my house but not once did I take the time to gaze into one. I had looked long enough to guarantee that every hair was in its place and that every pearly white tooth got its own little one on one with the toothbrush but not once did I truly look at the reflection that was quietly standing there staring back at me. I stopped and forced myself to truly look and realized that the reflection was the same with the exception of a few extra lines, or that the shine of my hair wasn’t quite as luminescent as it once was. However, when I actually looked into my eyes it came quite apparent that the many years of broken hearts, lost loves, and life experiences had changed them in such a way that it was almost unrecognizable. There was pain there, yet an even stronger wisdom irradiated brighter than the moon or the sun combined. Sometimes, all it takes is a little time to really appreciate who you are and what you have accomplished in your life. How to cite Morning Fog, Essay examples

Breach of Confidentiality The Legal Implications Essay Example For Students

Breach of Confidentiality: The Legal Implications Essay When You Are Seeking TherapyAbnormal Psychology 204 November 2, 1996Breach of Confidentiality: The legal Implications when You are seeking Therapy I. The need for confidentiality in therapy A. Establish trust B. A patients billof rights Thesis: The duty to warn has created an ethical dilemma forpsychological professionals. II. Therapists face a moral problem B. Requirement by law to breach confidentiality C. Exceptions for breachingconfidentiality D. Prediction of violence E. Impact on client I. The futureoutlook for therapy A. Conflicting views between the legal and psychologicalprofessionsPeople are afraid to admit to themselves and others that they need to help toresolve their psychological problems. This is due to the social stigma whichsociety attaches to people, when they seek assistance from a mental healthprofessional. Consequently it is very difficult for any person to establish atrusting relationship with their therapist, because they fear, that thetherapist might reveal their most personal information and emotions to others. Health professionals therefore created the patients bill of rights to installconfidence between clients and therapists. The patient has a right to everyconsideration of privacy concerning his own medical care program. Casediscussion, consultation, examination, and treatment are confidential and shouldbe conducted discreetly. Those not directly involved in his care must have thepermission of the patient to be present. The patient has the right to expectthat all communications and records pertaining to his care should be treated asconfidential. ( Edge, 63 ) This bill of rights enables clients to disclose allpersonal information without fears. To fully confide in the therapist isessential to the success of the therapy. On the other hand, the therapist islegally obliged to breach this trust when necessary. The duty to warn hascreated an ethical dilemma for psychological professionals. The duty to warn isbased on a court ruling in 1974. Tatiana Tarasoff was killed by Prosenjit Poddar. Prior to the killing Poddar had told his therapist that he would kill Tatianaupon her return from Brazil. The psychologist tried to have Poddar committed,but since the psychiatrist overseeing this case failed to take action, Poddarwas never committed nor was Tarasoff warned about Poddars intentions to kill her. This failure resulted in Tatianas death. The Supreme Court therefore ruled thatthe psychologist had a duty to warn people which could possibly become harmed (Bourne, 195-196 ). This policy, to warn endangered people, insures thattherapists must breach there confidentiality for specific reasons only. Thesefew exceptions are:Harm Principle: When the practitioner can foresee a danger to an individual who is outside the patient/provider relationship, potentially caused by the patient, the harm principle provides the rationale for breaching confidentiality to warn the vulnerable individua ( Edge, 63 ). When the client is a potential danger to himself or herself ( Bourne,487 ). If the client is a criminal defendant and uses insanity as a defense ( Bourne, 487 ) If the client is underage and the therapist believes that he or she is the victim of a crime (such as child abuse) ( Bourne, 487 ). The breach for a clients insanity defense would have been helpful in deciding afamous court case in 1843: the McNaghtens case. McNaghten used the insanitydefense, when he was faced with the charge of killing Sir Robert Peeles privatesecretary. A jury had to decide, if he was conscious of the act or if he wastemporary insane ( McCarty, 299-300 ). The jury clearly didnt have theprofessional training to make a competent decision. How did they establish ifMcNaghten knew right from wrong at the time of the crime? Therefore they wereincompetent when deciding that he, indeed, was temporarily insane. Now thesedeterminations are made by qualified mental health professionals. Neverthelessother obstacles are still being encountered. In the beginning the law providesclear guidelines when to breach confidentiality. The Harm Principle is one ofthe guidelines. But how can a therapist absolutely determine, that a clientpresents harm to another individual? To say that someone is dangerous is topredic t future behavior. The rarer an event, the harder it is to predictaccurately. Hence if dangerousness is defined as homicide or suicide, both ofwhich are rare events, the prediction of dangerousness will inevitably involvemany unjustified commitments as well as justified ones ( Alloy, 570 ). Thetherapist must predict the capacity for violence in the client. There are noguidelines to establish such a diagnose. All that is mandated by the opinionis that the therapist exercise that reasonable degree of skill, knowledge, andcare ordinarily possessed and exercised by members of their particularprofession under similar circumstances. Within the broad range of reasonablepractice and treatment in which professional opinion and judgment may differ,the therapist is free to exercise his or her own best judgment withoutliability; proof aided by hindsight, that he or she judged wrongly isinsufficient to establish negligence ( Annas, 198 ). Magnesium Essay PaperMental health practitioners however focus on the well-being of the individual. To protect and serve the general population as commanded by the courts createdan ethical dilemma for psychological professionals. The courts force them to actcontradicting to their professional beliefs and ethics. Therapists reason thatwhen they must serve the public they cannot successfully treat their clients. Orhow can they treat an individual at all, if the person wont consider enteringtherapy do to the possibly grim consequences ? Highly advanced communicationdevises erode our personal privacy more every day. Now the court system seems tofollow this trend. Therapists are trying to fight these developments andquestion the true motives of the court system. More research has to be conductedto find better alternatives. Maybe this ethical dilemma can be resolved in thefuture, maybe more ethical dilemmas will surface. We are all individuals andshould be treated with our own individual interests in mind. Maybe we shouldindulge in more economic thinking, to fuse the well-being of the in dividual withthe well-being of the general population and thereby eliminating the ethicaldilemma. Economic theory can verify, that when individuals act in their own bestself-interest, the population as a whole will benefit from it, too. Thiseconomic principle also applies to psychology. ReferencesAlloy, L. B., Acocella, J., Bootzin, R. R. ( 1996 ) . Abnormal psychology . USA: McGraw-Hill . Annas, G. J. ( 1988 ) . Judging medicine . New Jersey:Humana Press . Bourne, L. E., Jr., Ekstrand, B. R. ( 1985 ) . Psychology: Itsprinciples and meaningsUSA: Holt, Rinehart and Winston . Edge, R. S., Groves, J. R. ( 1994 ) . Theethics of health care . USA: Delmar Publishing . McCarty, D. G. ( 1967 ) . Psychology and the law . New Jersey: Prentice-HallBreach of Confidentiality: The legal Implications when You are seeking Therapy I. The need for confidentiality in therapy A. Establish trust B. A patients billof rights Thesis: The duty to warn has created an ethical dilemma forpsychological professionals. II. Therapists face a moral problem B. Requirement by law to breach confidentiality C. Exceptions for breachingconfidentiality D. Prediction of violenceCategory: Science

Toneisha Colson Essays - , Term Papers, Research Papers

Toneisha Colson Erin Young Mentor PLA Losing A Child: Saying Goodbye to My Daughter Pain, so much pain I thought my appendix had ruptured, I was screaming and crying, so my father rushed me to John T. Mather Hospital, Port Jefferson, NY. I was rushed in the emergency room, the Emergency Room doctor examined me and then there was a flurried of activity in the room, nurses everywhere, doctors, noise and here I am 19 years old screaming in pain. The doctor looked at me with gloves on and said " Toneisha your about to deliver." I then said "Deliver what?" He then replied " A baby". And my life changed forever. It was 13 months of happiness, pain and despair all at the same time. You see my daughter Beverlyrose Lonette Colson was born unexpectedly and on Monday October 3 rd , 1991 she took her last breath in my arms and my heart broke and that was when I was angry with God and devastated. I did not know I was pregnant until I gave birth then. I was a new mom my parents were new grandparents and I was winging it for a little over a year. There are no instructions on how you grieve when you lose your child. This was what my uncle told me was an "Out of order " death, parents are not supposed to bury their children. When she passed away I needed help. I had to speak to therapists and doctors and even my grandmother who had lost a child when he was ten months . I took no classes I just asked my mother, aunts and grandmother on how to deal with a baby girl. My grandmother had ten children and seventeen grandchildren so she was my go too person when it came to questions. Toneisha Colson Erin Young PLA

Depression Sample Essay

Depression Sample EssayA depression sample essay can really give you a strong starting point when writing your own paper. It's also an easy way to identify certain patterns that may affect your personal development. Your sense of self-worth and your ability to deal with daily life will be highly affected by the onset of a bout of depression. Therefore, it's highly important that you recognize depression as well as any other psychological problems, before they are too far into their course.One thing you can do as a student is to consider what depression samples are available online. The Internet has a large library of free samples of many types of topics that students might find interesting. Free samples are especially useful in that they often involve little to no effort on your part. They will usually feature some sort of subject matter that is difficult to understand for the average person. For example, if the topics are familiar or emotionally charged, it's likely that you can't g et a grasp of them on your own.A depression sample essay may be some that isn't so emotionally charged. It could involve such topics as doing a common exercise, a physical problem or even the recent events in your life. Because it is designed to allow students to understand certain concepts, the structure of the essay should include two parts.The first part of the essay should consist of the subject and all of the definitions associated with the subject. This helps to make the idea more concrete. For example, if you know the topic of your essay will be depression, then you need to know the definitions of depression as well as the issues surrounding it. This is because these are the concepts you need to put into action when writing the paper.The second part of the essay should be about applying the concepts that you learned from the first part. This means incorporating the topics into the paper and speaking about them in detail. When this part of the essay is completed, you can now m ove on to the next part, which is called the conclusion.The conclusion of a depression sample essay will typically provide students with a conclusion statement that you can use to wrap up the paper. At this point, you can show the students what type of problems they might encounter when facing depression, as well as the strategies that can help them overcome these problems. When writing a conclusion that lists the steps that you are going to use to deal with your own depression, make sure you keep the essay brief and to the point.Finally, it's very important that you cover all of the necessary information in a depression sample essay. You should always have a research report at the end of the essay to include the definitions of the terms that you just used in the introduction. You should also have your research report ready to include any facts or examples that may help you relate the definitions to real life situations. These should include current events that are affecting the liv es of the general public.These examples can be helpful in that they are examples of how the themes of depression can be used to help write an effective paper. You should also consider seeking professional help for help in writing your paper. There are many good resources online that offer training for writing effective papers.

River essays

River essays Review: A River Runs Through It is a deceptively simple story about a typical, early-twentieth century Montana family. It traces the lives of two brothers from boyhood to adulthood. Water, and a river in particular, are symbolic of the fact that most of the events in any life are accidental or arbitrary, especially the crucial ones. This is one of those movies that truly transports you to another time and another place. The Montana wilderness is breathtaking, and the scenes of the fly-fishing are exceptional. Robert Redford seems too have a talent of capturing dysfunctional families on film. His Oscar-winning "Ordinary People", displayed his remarkable ability to convey such material. Much of the film focuses on Norman's efforts to understand Paul as he attempts to derail the latter's self-destructive tendencies. I particularly remember when Norman is trying to convince Paul to come with him and Jesse to Chicago, and Paul's response: "Oh, I'll never leave Montana, brother." It was pr ophetic for many reasons and has much meaning. The one peaceful place in their lives is the river, where fly fishing takes on larger meaning as it provides sanctuary. One has to listen to the dialogue closely at times...the following is another example of the exceptional writing in this movie: Dear Jesse, as the moon lingers a moment over the bitterroots, before its descent into the invisible, my mind is filled with song. I find I am humming softly; not to the music, but something else; some place else; a place remembered; a field of grass where no one seemed to have been; except a deer; and the memory is strengthened by the feeling of you, dancing in my awkward arms. The final scene of the old man standing there in the river is one of my favorite endings of all time...few lines are as chilling as the narrators Im haunted by waters. Review by Aaron Caldwell ...

The Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds

The Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds The Bright Sides of Academic Intellectuals We Call Nerds The first thing that would pop-up in your head when somebody says â€Å"Nerd† is an image of a skinny, clumsy, old-fashioned  individual  wearing thick eyeglasses with no appeal. Well, this is actually the  other  side of the â€Å"Nerd† or â€Å"Geek† or â€Å"Bore† or whatever you call them but a Nerd is definitely not a â€Å"Dork† and smarter than a â€Å"cool† kid in school. Nerds are boring and that is because they are not normally interested in stuff most ordinary people do or like such as sports with too much physical exertion, fashionable clothing, parties, and so on. Nerds are more interested in scholarly endeavors like reading books, exploring the nature of things, solving math problems, play some nerdy sports or even more #NerdierSports, and other activities ordinary people don’t normally do. They are commonly unpopular in school but they are smart and do extremely well in academic subjects. In fact, nerds are popular for their strong academic orientation and achievements. A good example is Albert Einstein, an academic-oriented person with a nerdy face, hair, and achievements made him the most successful nerd in the world. Nerds Play Games and Sports It is common for nerds to play computer games such as World of Warcraft, Starcraft, and others but they do love and play sports designed for smart and socially independent people like golf, tennis, billiards, chess, and other more #NerdierSports. Tiger  Woods  is one of the highest paid athlete and the most successful â€Å"nerd† golfer in the world.   Some nerds even enjoy some real competitive games such as softball, basketball, and Ice Hockey. Successful and famous nerds are not only big sports fans but also owners of sports teams like technology billionaire Mark Cuban of Dallas Mavericks. Former Bill Gates business partner and fellow nerd Paul Allen is the owner of the Portland Trailblazers and two other sports teams.Woods is one of the highest paid athlete and the most  successful â€Å"nerd† golfer in the world. Some nerds even enjoy some real competitive games such as softball, basketball, and Ice Hockey. Want to know more? Go here: Perspiration Is Nothing without Inspiration Relieving Students School-Related Stress Developing Students Creativity Is Sports Competition Relevant to Academic Learning? Junk Food in School Nerds Are Successful in Later Life Nerds are generally socially hopeless people, but this does not make them clowns to play with. They are logical, inspired, and determined individuals who work harder and harder and therefore normally succeed later life. Since nerds’ social  life is limited, their tendency to focus more on their work provides them more opportunity to get a much better job. In fact, the richest people in the world are nerds and two of them were founders of Google. Nerds are often successful because they possess the qualities required to achieve their goals. For instance, nerds are academically proficient, hard workers, highly motivated; they do not waste time on parties, and likely to work in corporations built by more senior and highly successful nerds like Bill Gates, Mark Zuckerberg, Larry Ellison, Jack Dorsey, and others. These famous and successful nerds are mostly academic intellectuals who in later life used their genius in building a technology-based enterprise. Some nerds are also quite successful in other fields such as Ben Stein, a millionaire, lawyer, actor, and a successful writer who writes articles and speeches for famous people.

Communication is the key to business success Essay

Communication is the key to business success - Essay Example It would build an integrated marketing communication system for a fictitious catering firm. The objective is to take all the aspects into consideration, like the company's SWOT analysis, SOSTAC (situation, objectives, strategy, tactics, action and control) for the IMC system, and develop an analytical approach to make the case as realistic as possible. Marketing communications are as important to a firm as personal relationships are important to an individual. They determine the identity of the firm in the market both absolutely, as well as relative to its competitors. Marketing communications are the heart of a company's strategy today. They determine the entire survival of the firm. With increasing competition and homogeneity of products, companies have to differentiate themselves from the other firms, for which they have to use communication effectively. Today's consumers are very knowledgeable and would expect the company to be in touch with them constantly, from advertising to after-sales service. Integration marketing communications can be simply defined as "the process of developing and implementing various forms of persuasive communication programs with customers and prospects over time" (Schultz professor at Northwestern University, 1993). Moreover, "the goal of IMC is to influence or directly affect the behavior of the selected communication audience. IMC considers all sources of brand or company contacts which a company or prospect has with the product or service as potential delivery channels for the future messages. IMC, makes use of all forms of communication which are relevant to the customer and prospects, and to which they might be receptive." The American Association of Advertising Agencies defines IMC as: the concept of marketing communication planning that recognizes the added value of a comprehensive plan that evaluates the strategic roles of a variety of communication disciplines (general advertising, direct response, sales promotion, and public relations) and combines these disciplines to provide clarity, consistency, and maximum communication impact." IMC can be pictorially represented as: Integrated marketing communications has an "outside-in" approach as opposed to the traditional "inside-out" approach. This means that companies have to look inside first, and then towards the customers. Customer relationship building starts from developing effective systems within the enterprise itself. To develop and adopt an effective IMC system, the company has to: identify the key audiences: present as well as potential customers determine the objectives design the communications content select the communication methods define the